Julian Jaynes was an American psychologist and author best known for his controversial theory of the bicameral mind, which suggests that consciousness is a learned behavior that emerged in humans relatively recently in history. His influential work, 'The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind,' published in 1976, argues that early humans experienced auditory hallucinations and made decisions based on these external voices, which he equated to gods.

• Bicameral Mind Theory